Liquid crystal display, or LCD (liquid crystal display), is a flat and ultra-thin display device. It is composed of a certain number of color or black-and-white pixels, which are placed in front of the light source or reflector.

LCD has low power consumption, so it is favored by engineers. It is suitable for electronic devices using batteries. Its main principle is to stimulate liquid crystal molecules with current to produce points, lines and surfaces, which cooperate with the back lamp to form a picture.

Origin

As early as the end of the 19th century, Austrian botanists discovered liquid crystals, that is, a substance has the fluidity of liquid and some arrangement characteristics similar to crystals at the same time. Under the action of electric field, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules will change. Thus affecting its optical properties, this phenomenon is called electro-optic effect. Using the electro-optic effect of liquid crystal, British scientists made the first liquid crystal display, LCD, in this century. Fixed line LCD is widely used in today's LCD. If we look at it microscopically, we will find that it is especially like a cotton stick. Compared with traditional CRT, LCD not only has small volume, thin thickness (the thickness of 14.1 inches can be only 5cm), light weight, less energy consumption (1 to 10 MW / cm2), low working voltage (1.5 to 6V), no radiation and flicker, but also can be directly matched with CMOS integrated circuits. Due to its many advantages, LCD has entered the field of desktop applications since 1998.

Classification

Liquid crystal products actually exist in our life. Such as electronic watch, calculator, handheld game console, etc. According to the different arrangement of molecular structure, it can be divided into three kinds: smestic liquid crystal similar to clay, nematic liquid crystal similar to cotton stick and choleseic liquid crystal similar to cholesterol. The physical properties of these three kinds of liquid crystals are different, and the second liquid crystal is used for liquid crystal display. The display made of this liquid crystal is called LCD. Common liquid crystal displays are divided into TN-LCD, STN-LCD, dstn-lcd and TFT-LCD. The first three basic display principles are the same, but the molecular arrangement order is different; TFT-LCD adopts a different working principle from TN Series LCD. This kind of LCD is used in computers. Its working principle is to use two interlayer, the middle is filled with liquid crystal molecules, and the upper part of the interlayer is FET transistor. The lower part of the interlayer is a common electric board. The "back transparent" illumination mode shall be used in the light source design, and a light tube similar to a fluorescent lamp shall be set on the back of the liquid crystal. When the light source is illuminated, the light is transmitted from bottom to top with the help of liquid crystal molecules. Through the FET transistor layer, the arrangement direction of crystal molecules will be reversed to produce light transmission. On the screen where the image is displayed through the light, the arrangement order of molecules will change after the next power on, and then different images will be displayed.

Development trend

Because LCD has many incomparable advantages over traditional CRT, it will be more and more used in desktop displays. LCD displays images through digital signals, which is different from the analog signals used by cathode ray tubes. However, in order to meet the market requirements, the signal types of LCD are both analog and digital. The advantage of using analog signal is that it can be compatible with most graphics cards, but to do so, an APC must be installed inside the LCD to convert the transmitted analog signal into digital signal, which may affect the display quality. Some suppliers are developing special standard interfaces between PC and LCD to provide directly compatible digital signals on the existing ports of mainstream models. However, few graphics cards support digital transmission interfaces, and the pins of Digital interfaces have not been unified, which is one of the problems to be solved in the near future

Power consumption

The electric power of active matrix LCD is smaller than that of CRT. In fact, it has become the standard display screen of portable devices, which is widely used from PDA to laptop. But the efficiency of LCD technology is still too low: even if you display the screen in white, less than 10% of the light emitted from the background light source passes through the screen, and the rest is absorbed. Therefore, the power consumption of the new plasma display screen is lower than that of the liquid crystal display screen with the same area.

PDAs such as palm and Compaq IPAQ often use reflective displays. This means that the ambient light enters the display screen, passes through the polarized liquid crystal layer, collides with the reflective layer, and then is reflected and displayed as an image. It is estimated that 84% of the light is absorbed in this process, so only one sixth of the light works. Although it needs to be improved, it is enough to provide the contrast required for visual images. Unidirectional reflection and reflective display make it possible to use LCD display with minimum energy consumption under different lighting conditions.

Sinda Display Established in 2002, Sinda Display Technology Co.,Ltd has devoted itself to the manufacturing and development of high-quality product industrial displays products. We are specialized in providing small and medium size LCD display, LCD module, LED backlight and other extensional products for worldwide customers. Recently we have expended our factory capacities to 20KK/month and 2nd factory has start mass production at Hengyang, Hunan Province

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