Entering the new millennium, as an important part of the information industry, the display device is accelerating the process of its flat panelization. The world has entered the era of "information revolution", and display technology and display devices occupy a very important position in the development of information technology. Portable devices such as televisions, computers, mobile phones, BP machines, PDAs, and various instruments The display screen provides a lot of information for people's daily life and work. Without displays, today's rapidly advancing information technology would not exist. Display integrates electronics, communication and information processing technologies, and is considered to be another major development opportunity for the electronics industry after microelectronics and computers in the 20th century.

The development of science and technology is changing with each passing day, and display technology is also undergoing a revolution. Especially since the 1990s, with the breakthrough of technology and the rapid growth of market demand, the flat panel display (FPD) technology represented by liquid crystal display (LCD) has become rise rapidly. According to Stanford's forecast, the FPD market is developing at an annual growth rate of 16.2%. By 2000, both the FPD and CRT industries will reach 30 billion US dollars. The average annual growth rate of CRT is less than 6.3%, which is far lower than the average growth rate of FED. In addition, the growth rate of FPD continues to increase, CRT continues to decline, and the replacement trend is very clear. It can be said that flat panel display will become the mainstream of display technology in the 21st century, and its industry and market are constantly expanding.

After more than 20 years of research, competition and development, flat panel displays have entered the role and become the mainstream products of displays in the new century. Currently, there are four types of flat panel displays with the most intense competition:

1. Field emission flat panel display (FED);

2. Plasma flat panel display (PDP);

3. Organic thin film electroluminescent device (OLED);

4. Thin film transistor liquid crystal flat panel display (TFT-LCD).

The principle of the field emission flat panel display is similar to that of the CRT. The CRT has only one to three electron guns, up to six, while the field emission display uses an array of electron guns (electron emission micro-tip arrays, such as diamond film tip cones) with a resolution of VGA (640 ×480×3) display requires 921,600 electron emission microtips with uniform performance, and material technology needs to be broken through. It is understood that the United States and France have small batches of small-sized display production for defense and military industries, which are still far from industrialization and commercialization.

The plasma luminescence display is formed by the plasma discharge in the tiny vacuum discharge chamber to excite the luminescent material in the chamber. W or more, 6 watts per square inch display area), but it has a strong competitive advantage in the field of large-screen display with a diagonal of 102 to 152 cm. Industry experts believe that CRT, LCD and digital micromirror (DMD) three kinds of projection displays can compete with PDP. From the perspective of the current large-screen TV market, CRT projection TVs are cheaper than PDPs and are the most powerful competitors of PDPs. , but the brightness and definition are not as good as PDP, and the pixels and prices of LCD and DMD projection still lack competitive advantages at this stage. Although the color PDP has been significantly improved in terms of image quality, display area and capacity, its luminous efficiency, luminous brightness, and contrast still cannot meet the requirements of an intuitive color TV. The most important thing is that its price cannot be used by the majority of households Accepted by consumers, this restricts the expansion of the color PDP market to a certain extent. At this stage, it is mainly used in public media display occasions.

The semiconductor light-emitting diode (LED) display solution has gained absolute control over the large-screen video display market due to the successful development of GaN blue light-emitting diodes. There is no market for it either.

Experts in the display industry have long expected organic thin-film electroluminescent materials to provide truly paper-thin displays. Organic thin film electroluminescence is a real light and thin solid flat panel display with low power consumption, wide viewing angle and high response speed (sub-subtle). The cost of large-scale industrial production is very low, and the current service life is only a few thousand hours. In the foreseeable future, OLED will be applied first as the main competitor of TFT-LCD, but it is still in the research and trial production stage.

Liquid crystal flat panel displays, especially TFT-LCD, are the only display devices at this stage that have fully caught up and surpassed CRTs in comprehensive performance such as brightness, contrast, power consumption, lifespan, volume and weight. It has excellent performance and large-scale production characteristics. , high degree of automation, low cost of raw materials, broad development space, will quickly become the mainstream product in the new century, is a bright spot of global economic growth in the 21st century.

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