1. How does TFT LCD work?

TFT is the abbreviation of "Thin Film Transistor", which generally refers to thin-film liquid crystal displays, but actually refers to thin-film transistors (matrix) - which can "actively" control each independent pixel on the screen, which is The origin of the so-called active matrix TFT (active matrix TFT). So how did the image come about? 

The basic principle is very simple: the display screen is composed of many pixels that can emit light of any color, and the goal can be achieved by controlling each pixel to display the corresponding color. In TFT LCD, backlight technology is generally used. In order to accurately control the color and brightness of each pixel, a shutter-like switch needs to be installed after each pixel. When the "blind" is opened, light can pass through, while " When the shutters are closed, no light can pass through. Of course, the technical implementation is actually not as simple as just said. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) uses the characteristics of liquid crystal (liquid when heated, and crystallized into solid when cooled). Generally, there are three forms of liquid crystal:

Clay-like smectic liquid crystals

Filamentous (Nematic) liquid crystals resembling thin matchsticks

Cholestic liquid crystal

Liquid crystal displays use filaments, and when the external environment changes, its molecular structure will also change, so that it has different physical properties—to allow light to pass through or block light—that is, the blinds just for example.

Everyone knows the three primary colors, so each pixel on the display screen needs to be composed of three similar basic components described above, which control the three colors of red, green and blue respectively.

The most common one in use today is a twisted nematic TFT liquid crystal display. Existing technologies vary widely and will be described in detail in Part II.

There are grooves on the upper and lower layers, wherein the grooves of the upper layer are arranged longitudinally and the lower layer is arranged laterally. When the liquid crystal without voltage is in a natural state, after the light emitted from the light emitting layer passes through the interlayer, it will be twisted by 90 degrees, so that it can smoothly pass through the lower layer.

When a voltage is applied between the two layers, an electric field is created, and the liquid crystals are aligned vertically, so the light does not twist—the result is that light cannot pass through the lower layers.

2.TFT pixel structure:

Color filters are divided into three types: red, green, and blue according to color, which are arranged on the glass substrate to form a group (dot pitch) corresponding to a pixel. Each monochromatic filter is called a sub-pixel (sub-pixel). ). That is to say, if a TFT display supports a maximum resolution of 1280×1024, then at least 1280×3×1024 sub-pixels and transistors are required. For a 15-inch TFT display (1024×768), one pixel is about 0.0188 inches (equivalent to 0.30mm), and for a 18.1-inch TFT display (1280×1024), it is 0.011 inches (equivalent to 0.28mm) .

As we all know, pixels are decisive for the display, and the smaller each pixel is, the larger the maximum resolution that the display may achieve will be. However, due to the limitation of the physical characteristics of transistors, the size of each pixel of TFT is basically 0.0117 inches (0.297mm) at this stage, so for a 15-inch display, the maximum resolution is only 1280×1024.

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