1.Introduction

STN liquid crystal (Super-twisted nematic display) is the abbreviation of super twisted nematic liquid crystal. After TN liquid crystal was invented, people naturally thought of matrixing TN liquid crystal to display complex graphics. Relative to TN liquid crystal twisted 90 degrees, STN liquid crystal twisted 180 degrees to 270 degrees. In the early 1990s, color STN liquid crystal came out. One pixel of this liquid crystal is composed of three liquid crystal cells, covered with a layer of color filter plate, and the brightness of the liquid crystal cells can be controlled by voltage to generate color.

Although the STN liquid crystal is composed of a TN liquid crystal cell with a relatively fast response speed, the liquid crystal particles are large, and the scanning speed and brightness are not as good as the TFT liquid crystal that appeared later. Due to its low price, palm-sized mobile phones, electronic game consoles and notebook computers produced before 2000 widely used STN liquid crystal as the main display. Now it has basically withdrawn from the consumer market.

STN liquid crystal has black characters on a yellow-green background and white characters on a blue background. The former is used when the contrast is pursued, and the latter is used when the brightness is emphasized.

2. Kinds

There are many types of STN liquid crystals.

(1) FSTN-Film Compensated STN, film-coated STN, inserts a layer of polymer film in the STN, can only display a single color, used in word processors and portable electronic equipment.

(2) CSTN- Color Super-Twist Nematic, color STN, the earliest color liquid crystal, mainly used in mobile phones and portable game consoles (such as Game Boy Color).

DSTN- Dual-scan Super Twisted Nematic, double scan STN, STN liquid crystal is divided into upper and lower parts to scan separately, this is to speed up the scanning speed and eliminate the image afterimage. Used on early laptops.

(3) DSTN- Double layer Super Twisted Nematic, double-layer STN.

3. TN LCD

Twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN, twisted nematic liquid crystal) is the most common liquid crystal driving method.

Place the two polarizers P1 and P2 parallel to each other at 90 degrees. The liquid crystal LC is injected between the polarizers P1 and P2 (in fact, the polarizer and the liquid crystal are separated by a glass layer G and conductive plates E1, E2), and the liquid crystal molecules will be arranged in a spiral shape when the power is not turned on, so that the light is gradually twisted and transmitted through Polarizer. When the power is on, the liquid crystal molecules will be aligned along the normal direction of the polarizer due to the action of the electric field. Since the two polarizers are in a 90-degree direction, the light cannot pass through the polarizer at this time.

TN liquid crystal has been widely used since the invention of liquid crystal technology until the emergence of VA and IPS liquid crystals. TN liquid crystal dominates the display market of calculators, computers, and general electronic equipment, and now TN liquid crystal has been gradually eliminated. TN LCD has the following characteristics:

(1) Advantages

low cost

It is displayed when the power is not turned on, and the luminous efficiency is high. Achieving the same brightness saves more power than other methods. Therefore, it is widely used in low-cost portable electronic devices.

Responsiveness is fast, and only this type of technology can handle when a high-speed display is required.

(2) Disadvantages

The viewing angle is narrow. When viewed from left to right, up and down, the brightness becomes significantly darker.

Color distortion. The color also changes when viewed from left to right, up and down.

Color and contrast are not as good as VA and IPS.

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